Do psychics really have the ability to divine the future by speaking to the dead, or do they, as skeptics insist, just use 
an old magician’s parlour trick called “cold reading”?
What is cold reading?
Timothy Campbell is an executive of the Ontario Skeptics Society for Critical Inquiry and he explains that Cold reading is not an easy thing to do as one has to employ several tricks and skills to subtly coax information from a person. These information can later be fed back to the subject however it has been repackaged as a new and amazing insight. To its credit, Cold Reading involves deductive reasoning, quick thinking, a sense of psychology, a reasonable grasp of statistics and demographics, and a healthy dose of modest charm with the aim of pulling someone’s leg to make money off of them. With a little practice, skeptics of the practice say, anyone can be a “psychic.”
Timothy Campbell knows what he is talking about, too because he used to be a “psychic” himself. He says it was something that came to him to try because he has seen people on TV do it and thought that it should be easy. He signed in to an internet chat room and introduced himself as a psychic who channeled the fortune-telling spirit of an Eighteenth Century French soldier named Gaston. Unbelievably. he received e-mails from people asking for readings in no time. Campbell says he was actually successful in the readings he did there, no one suspected he was a fraud.
To way to a cold reading, he says, is first to feign modesty about your psychic ability. It helps shore up your credibility as revelations would seem more impressive as you catch the subject off guard because of your feigned modesty. Basically, you set them up to not expect something from you and then you hit them with something they didn’t expect but was hoping to hear and you’re on.
After the feigned modesty, a cold reader will then begin the conversation with hot topics – these usually are about relationships, money, spirituality, loss and honesty. It’s universal and the subject is sure to be able to relate to these topics. Say something vague like ‘you’re seeking to hide your pain behind a façade,’ you can already have the ball rolling from there while seeming to have guessed what is going on in the subject’s life.
A cold reader would then ‘fish’ for more hits, using subtle clues and feedback from his subject to gradually move his line of questioning from the vague to the specific. Or, observe the subject for more obvious clues like their accent and if they are foreign to the country you can say something like, ‘my spirit guide s telling me about something to do with living in the Far East…’ for example, and again, a cold reader has managed to elevate themself while drawing the subject out to talk some more. Although cold readers should also be careful, for every solid hit a cold reader must be prepared for several outright “misses.” For instances like these, experienced cold reader Campbell said that he had stock phrases he can as dodges – subterfuges to use for getting out of mistakes. An example of it would be to blame the ‘spirit’ guide as giving mixed signals and speaking in a language you could not pick up on.
Cold readers capitalize on the human tendency to remember remarkable or strange things, for example the hits, and tend to quickly forget that which is ordinary and unimpressive which are the misses. Cold readers have learned to move through their reading sessions, specifically to veer away from dead ends and constantly honing in on specific information. Cold readers keep things nice and ambiguous, and let the person do all the work. It is even easier to do it online because your subjects can’t see you performing the readings. Cold readers can easily look you up online and learn information about you as a subject and then pretend that the information came from their spirit guide.
Cold readers often study statistics, polls and surveys on which they base educated guesses about their subjects based on their race, hometown, religion or financial status. They will also capitalize on traits common to most people: many women who wear black clothes are conscious of their weight; most red haired people suffer hay fever in spring and summer; many people who have lost a loved one keep a picture of that person at their bedside, and so on. When such generalities are expressed as insights from
But isn’t it possible that there are some real psychics out there? Could cold reading simply be a natural means of simulating a supernatural feat?
Skeptics say that they distinguish between what they call ‘eyes-open’ psychics and ‘eyes-shut’ psychics. Eyes-open psychics are deliberately conning people. Eyes shut psychics are intuitive people who believe they actually have some powers. However it then may be that if all psychics are frauds and deceitful, can we then say ghosts are not real, too? That the supernatural is not real? How do we find these real psychics, the ones with their sixth sense open?
The distinction between ‘eyes-open’ and ‘eyes-shut’ psychics is a fascinating concept. It brings to light the psychological mechanisms behind belief and deception.
Timothy Campbell’s first-hand experience adds a layer of credibility to the discussion. It’s interesting to note how easily people can fall for these tricks.
This piece highlights the importance of critical thinking and skepticism. It’s a compelling argument against the legitimacy of psychic abilities.
I appreciate the article’s detailed explanation on the steps involved in cold reading. It makes one ponder the ethical implications of such practices.
The discussion on the human tendency to remember hits and forget misses is particularly enlightening. It gives insight into why cold reading can be so effective.
Absolutely. This cognitive bias explains a lot about how people can be convinced of psychic phenomena even when there’s no real evidence.
This article offers a comprehensive overview of the techniques utilized in cold reading. It’s intriguing to see how easily people can be manipulated through psychological means.
While the article is compelling, it leaves me wondering if there are indeed genuine psychics out there. The line between intuition and deception seems quite blurred.
The psychological insights provided here are invaluable. It’s impressive how cold readers can craft convincing narratives based on minimal information.
Indeed, the techniques described not only reveal the intricacies of human psychology but also underscore the need for scientific literacy among the general public.